Deutero-cannonical Wisdom Literature
Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ben Sira), Baruch
12/07/2011
Authorship
Sirach
only book written by the name given in the title
Wisdom
sophisticated Greek and Platonic ideas, so must not have been written by Solomon
Baruch
"Jeremiah's friend" -- written in Greek, Baruch's living situation not the same as Jeremiah describes
Sirach (or Ben Sira)
- written in Hebrew in 180 BCE
- autobiographical statements and a prologue
- prologue written by son in Alexandria
- translated the text into Greek
- never cannonized, so Hebrew version was lost
- hope that the original would come to light at some point
- two Scottish sisters 1890 went to Cairo...
- buy a piece of a manuscript
- they do not recognize the Hebrew text
- Cambridge friend Solomon Sectar (?) realizes this is the Hebrew version of Ben Sira!!!
- at Cairo, Solomon tracks down the manuscript
- a synagogue that is broken down
- found 750,000 leaves of Hebrew and Arabic manuscripts!!
- Cairo Geniza -- the find of the manuscripts, especially the letters
- Then, Dead Sea Scrolls found in 1947
- Textual contents
- from Jerusalem
- from a priestly family (or closely linked to one)
- an anthology
- not cannonized probably because of how blatantly late
- Daniel was cannonized though, and it was later!
- yet Daniel was pseudonimous -- said to have been written by a Babylonian prophet
- on the other hand, Ben Sira didn't claim to write the words of any person in antiquity
- Women
- spoken of poorly
- visionary experiences brought about "flaming eyes" -- flaming vaginae?
- blames Eve for the sin of humanity
- Wisdom = Logos
- wisdom is the pillar of cloud that accompanied the Israelites after the Exodus
- wisdom is the Torah
- Logos -- Gr. "word"
- important in Christianity
- e.g. Gospel of John prologue, saying Jesus = Word
- Logos becomes intermediary between God and humanity
- No belief in life after death
- Life is ultimately just
Wisdom of Solomon
written around 20 BCE in Greek in Alexandria, Egypt, where a thriving group of Jews lived.
- Contextual ideas
- The author was a learned, Hellenized scribe
- full of Greek philosophical language
- Jews in Alexandria were very Hellenized
- written to persuade Hellenized Jews to embrace their Judaism
- biblical-style wisdom and Greek philosophy
- FIRST TIME the idea of an eternal soul is discussed
- God made the soul eternal
- (explicit talk about soul's immortality)
- soul is the vehicle of ultimate justice
- after death, true justice will prevail
- became important for Christian theology
- Three parts
- ch. 1-6 -- Book of Eschatology -- study of the End Times
- ch. 7-10 -- Book of Wisdom
- ch. 11-19 -- Book of History -- specifically, the Exodus
Baruch
written ~ 200 BCE. Written in Hebrew first? (now oldest in Greek)
- poem to wisdom
- wisdom will come live with among humanity
- fits with Logos
- Christians attribute this idea to Jesus